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الأزمة الإقتصادية التركية وتراجع الليرة وصلت تداعياتها للمناطق الخاضعة للنفوذ التركي بشمال سوريا خاصة فى ظل التعامل بـ العملة التركية فى صرف الرواتب.
ويعيش سكان مناطق شمال وشمال غرب سوريا على وقع أزمة إقتصادية بعد انخفاض قيمة الليرة التركية وفقا لوكالة فرانس برس.
وتسيطر تركيا على مناطق واسعة بشمال سوريا بعد ثلاث عمليات عسكرية شنتها بين عامي 2016 و2018 بالتعاون مع فصائل سورية موالية لها.
وبدأت الإدارات المحلية الخاضعة للنفوذ التركي فى مناطق واسعة في شمال وشمال غرب سوريا، منذ منتصف يونيو الماضي اعتماد الليرة التركية في التداول اليومي كبديل عن الليرة السورية، التي شهدت تدهورا غير مسبوق في قيمتها آنذاك.
تركيا تسيطر على إقتصاد شمال غرب سوريا
وتنتشر العديد من الإستثمارات التركية فى مناطق شمال وشمال غرب سوريا، حيث ضاعفت تركيا من استثماراتها في قطاعات مثل الصحة والتعليم.
كما ينتشر في تلك المناطق مكاتب بريد واتصالات وتحويل أموال تركية ومدارس تعلم باللغة التركية.
وتتبع المجالس المحلية بتلك المناطق للولايات التركية القريبة مثل غازي عنتاب وكيليس وشانلي أورفا.
التداخل الواسع مع الإقتصاد التركي الذى تشهده هذه المناطق سرعان ما ظهر تأثيره عقب انهيار الليرة التركية التي انعكس سقوطها بسرعة على سكان المناطق حيث تراجعت القدرة الشرائية، كما ارتفعت أسعار السلع، خصوصا المستوردة من تركيا.
وخسرت الليرة التركية أكثر من 45 في المئة من قيمتها على وقع أزمة اقتصادية، ثلاثون في المئة منها خلال نوفمبر وحده. ويتجاوز سعر الصرف حاليا عتبة 13 ليرة مقابل الدولار، بعدما كان قرابة ثماني ليرات قبل الأزمة.
وتطرق تقرير دولي أصدرته الأمم المتحدة أغسطس الماضي للأوضاع الإقتصادية والإجتماعية لسكان المناطق الخاضعة للنفوذ التركي.
91% من سكان مناطق الاحتلال التركي بشمال سوريا تحت خط الفقر
ووفقا للتقرير فإن 91% من سكان شمال غرب سوريا يعيشون فقرا مدقعا، لافتا إلي أن نحو 12,8 مليون شخص في سوريا يعانون من انعدام الأمن الغذائي، وسط توقعات بتفاقم الوضع سوءا خلال الأشهر المقبلة.
وشهدت المناطق الخاضعة للنفوذ التركي خلال نوفمبر الماضي تصاعدا متسارعا في سعر الخبز وسلع أخرى فيما بلغت “القدرة الشرائية للسكان أدنى مستوياتها بحسب نشرة “سيريا ريبورت” الاقتصادية الإلكترونية.
كما أشارت النشرة إلى أنه منذ أكتوبر الماضي، قامت الإدارات المحلية التابعة لتركيا بخفض وزن كيس الخبز أربع مرات ، من 650 إلى 450 غراما، فيما رفعت أسعار المشتقات النفطية، بينها أسطوانة الغاز المنزلي من 127 إلى 137 ليرة تركية.
وكان سعر أسطوانة الغاز 86 ليرة تركية خلال سبتمبر.
هناء تحلم بـ 50 ليرة فى اليوم لتحمي أولادها من الجوع
تراجع العملة وغلاء الأسعار جعل من توفير المستلزمات الرئيسية للحياة ترفا لا يملكه الكثيرون من سكان مناطق النفوذ التركي.
أحد ضحايا تراجع الليرة التركية هي السيدة هناء ذات الـ 36 عاما التي تقيم في مخيم ترحين في ريف مدينة الباب، ولديها 5 أطفال تتولي رعايتهم بعد مقتل زوجها في غارة جوية قبل خمس سنوات.
قبل انهيار الليرة كانت هناء تجني من خلال عملها في حصاد القمح وقطف موسم البطاطس عشرين ليرة تركية يوميا خلال فصل الصيف، وهو ما كان يكفي لسد رمق أطفالها.
مع بدء فصل الشتاء وتراجع الليرة بات الحصول على الـ 20 ليرة أمر صعب خاصة بعد أن أصبحت قيمتهم أقل من دولار ونصف.
وبحسب فرانس برس تقول هناء عن معاناتها ” فى السابق كنت أؤمن مستلزمات وجبة طعام على الأقل”، لكن اليوم مضطرة لجمع الحطب من أجل إشعال النار للتدفئة وإعداد ما تيسر من طعام داخل الخيمة شبه الخالية من أي مقتنيات.
وتابعت والحزن يعلو صوتها ” كل ما أحلم به هو أن أحصل على 50 ليرة في اليوم لأطعم أولادي لئلا يناموا جياعا. اضراب المدرسين احتجاجا على تدهور الأوضاع المعيشية
تدهور الليرة التركية، دفع المدرس محمد الدبك لمشاركة زملائه بمدينة الباب في إضرابات لحث السلطات المحلية على تحسين رواتبهم.
و بحسب وكالة فرانس برس، قال محمد صاحب الـ 33 عاما وهو أب لطفل “كان راتبي عام 2017 يساوي 160 دولارا، أما اليوم فبات يعادل 50 دولارا، ما يكفيني فقط لدفع إيجار المنزل”.
واشار المدرس إلي أن هذا التراجع فى العملة التركية دفعه للبحث عن عمل آخر، في مكتبة لبيع القرطاسية والكتب المدرسية، ما يوفر له مدخولا بقيمة أربعين دولارا تقريبا.
ومع تدهور الليرة التركية، بدأ محمد وزملاؤه المدرسون توجيه رسائل إلى إدارات المدارس في مدينة الباب ومحيطها، مطالبين بتحسين رواتبهم. ثم لجأوا الى إضراب استمر ثمانية أيام منذ منتصف أكتوبر.
وحاليا، يمتنعون حاليا عن التدريس ليومين أسبوعيا في محاولة لتجنب العودة إلى “الإضراب المفتوح وتوقف التدريس.
ويقول محمد أنه يحتاج إلى نحو مئتي دولار كمصروف شهريا، لتأمين احتياجاته الرئيسية ودفع بدلات إيجار المنزل والكهرباء والإنترنت والمواصلات، أي ضعف المبلغ الذي يجنيه. ويحاول قدر الإمكان مواءمة احتياجاته مع مدخوله الحالي.
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كما تنقل فرانس برس عن أحمد أبو عبيدة نائب رئيس غرفة التجارة والاقتصاد شمال حلب قوله إن الحركة التجارية بمناطق النفوذ التركي تدهور بشكل كبير بسبب تدهور الليرة خاصة فى ظل ازدياد أسعار البضائع التركية التي تعتمد عليها المنطقة.
وبحسب أبو عبيدة الذي يملك شركة مواد غذائية تستورد بضائعها من تركيا، فقد انخفضت نسبة المبيعات “إلى النصف” خلال شهر، وتراجع عدد الزبائن إلى النصف أيضا.
ووأشار إلى أن المواطن حاليا، يكتفي بشراء الضروريات من مواد أساسية واحتياجاته اليومية من غذاء ودواء وتدفئة.
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