النظام وأكراد العراق وتركيا..نيويورك تايمز: روج أفا تواجه تهديدات من جميع الجهات
اعتبرت صحيفة نيويورك تايمز أن منطقة روج أفا التي يقودها الأكراد بشمال سوريا تواجه حربا لا نهاية لها وفقا لأهواء جيرانها الأقوياء.
وقالت الصحيفة الأمريكية فى تقرير لها أنه بعد فترة وجيزة من بدء الحرب الأهلية السورية قبل 10 سنوات، أعلنت الأقلية الكردية التي تهيمن على شمال شرق البلاد عن منطقة حكم ذاتي، لكن منذ ذلك الحين، غرق الأكراد في حرب لا نهاية لها.
وأشارت نيويورك تايمز بحسب ما ترجمه موقع الحرة الأمريكية أنه في عام 2012، تم إنشاء منطقة الحكم الذاتي الكردية في سوريا التي تضم ما يقرب من ثلث البلاد شرق نهر الفرات بعيدا عن سيطرة نظام بشار الأسد بعد انتفاضة شعبية ضد النظام الحكومة جاءت في أعقاب موجة الربيع العربي.
وأشارت إلي أنه في واحدة من أكثر ساحات المعارك تعقيدا في العالم، تتواجد القوات الأميركية في المنطقة وسط تواجد القوات الروسية المتحالفة مع حكومة الأسد، التي سمحت لها قوات الدفاع والأمن بالدخول كحماية ضد التوغل التركي.
وتنقسم المدن الكبرى في المنطقة بين سيطرة الحكومة السورية والسيطرة المحلية في ظل تعايش مضطرب، ويصطف السكان الذين يدرسون أو يعملون في المنطقة التي تسيطر عليها الحكومة عند نقاط التفتيش، في انتظار السماح لهم بالمرور.
ويسمي الأكراد المنطقة بـ “روج آفا”، والتي تعني “الغرب”، في إشارة إلى كردستان الغربية وحلم طويل الأمد بتأسيس دولة مستقلة تمتد على المناطق الكردية في سوريا والعراق وإيران وتركيا.
وقطعت كل هذه الدول تاريخيا سكانها الأكراد، ويعتبر أكثر من 25 مليون كردي يعيشون فيها أكبر مجموعة عرقية في العالم بدون دولة.
في سوريا، يمثل الأكراد ما يصل إلى 10 بالمئة من السكان البالغ عددهم 18 مليون نسمة.
ووفقا للإدارة الإقليمية، يعيش ما لا يقل عن 55 بالمئة من سكان المنطقة المتمتعة بالحكم الذاتي البالغ عددهم 4.6 مليون نسمة.
ولكن هناك أيضا أعداد كبيرة من العرب والمسيحيين الآشوريين، إلى جانب مجموعات أقل من التركمان والأرمن والشركس واليزيديين.
ونقلت الصحيفة عن رئيس قسم العلاقات الدولية في إقليم كردستان، عبدالكريم عمر، قوله”كانت هناك حروب طائفية في سوريا والعراق … ولكن في منطقتنا، حافظنا على السلام الاجتماعي والتعايش”.
وبحسب نيويورك تايمز فإن المنطقة التي يقودها الأكراد واجهت خلال عمرها القصير تهديدات أمنية واقتصادية مستمرة من جميع الأطراف تقريبا، بما في ذلك من حكومة النظام السوري وأكراد العراق المجاورة في الشرق، لكن التهديد التركي هو الذي يلوح في الأفق.
وغزت تركيا، التي حاربت المسلحين الأكراد في الداخل منذ عقود، المناطق التي تسيطر عليها قوات سوريا الديمقراطية التي يقودها الأكراد لإبعادها عن الحدود.
وتعتبر أنقرة، قوات سوريا الديمقراطية، تهديدا أمنيا بسبب ما تزعم عن صلات تربطها بحركة حرب العصابات الكردية التي تقاتل تمردا ضد الدولة التركية منذ عقود.
خلال الحرب مع داعش قبل سنوات، أقامت قوات سوريا الديمقراطية شراكة مهمة مع التحالف العسكري الذي تقوده الولايات المتحدة والذي كان يقاتل المسلحين في سوريا والعراق.
كانت القوات الكردية تعتبر القوة البرية الأكثر قوة عندما يتعلق الأمر بقتال الجماعة المتطرفة.
ومع ذلك، على الرغم من الشراكة العسكرية الوثيقة مع الولايات المتحدة التي استمرت لسنوات، فإن الأكراد السوريين يواجهون مستقبلا محفوفا بالمخاطر.
ودفع هجوم السجن الأخير في يناير الجيش الأميركي إلى القتال، وتصاعد إلى الاشتباكات الحضرية الأشد مع تنظيم داعش في السنوات الثلاث منذ نهاية ما يسمى بـ “دولة الخلافة”.
من جانبه ، أكد مظلوم عبدي قائد قوات سوريا الديمقراطية في حديث لصحيفة “نيويورك تايمز”، إنه بعد الهجوم على السجن، لم يعد وجود 700 جندي أميركي كافيا.
في 20 يناير، هاجم انتحاريون ومسلحون من داعش سجنا بمدينة الحسكة في محاولة لإطلاق سراح حوالى 4000 من مقاتلي التنظيم الإرهابي المحتجزين هناك.
وتعد المدينة جزءا من منطقة الحكم الذاتي، وقاتلت قوات سوريا الديمقراطية، بدعم من القوة العسكرية الأميركية، لمدة أسبوعين تقريبا قبل أن تستعيد السيطرة عليها.
وأضاف كوباني: “إننا بحاجة إلى المزيد من القوات الأميركية”.
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هجوم داعش على سجن الصناعة بشمال سوريا..قراءة فى مغزى التوقيت والهدف
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