محمد مخبر..كل ما تريد معرفته عن الرئيس الإيراني المؤقت
تصدر محمد مخبر الرئيس الإيراني المؤقت نشرات الأخبار ومحركات البحث عقب أعلان الحكومة الإيرانية بشكل رسمي اليوم الإثنين مصرع الرئيس إبراهيم رئيسي عقب تحطم الطائرة التي كان يستقلها خلال عودته من حفل افتتاح سد مشترك مع أذربيجان بمشاركة الرئيس الإيراني إلهام علييف مما تسبب في وفاته والوفد المرافق.
وعقب إعلان وفاة رئيسي، عقد المجلس الحكومي اجتماعا استثنائياً برئاسة النائب الأول للرئيس محمد مخبر.
حيث نعت الحكومة الإيرانية، في بيان، رئيسها، وقالت إن “رئيس الشعب الإيراني المجتهد والدؤوب، الذي لم يعرف سوى خدمة الشعب الإيراني العظيم في طريق تنمية البلاد وتقدمها أوفى بوعده وضحى بحياته من أجل الشعب”.
ونعى محسن منصوري، المساعد التنفيذي للرئاسة الإيرانية، الرئيس إبراهيم رئيسي؛ واصفاً إياه بـ”سيد الشهداء”.
وجاء إعلان الحكومة الإيرانية مصرع الرئيس إبراهيم رئيسي بشكل رسمي وخلو منصب الرئاسة ليضع شخصية إيرانية جديدة تحت دائرة الضوء.
الدستور الإيراني
وفقا للدستور الإيراني فإن لجنة رئاسية يترأسها النائب الأول لرئيس الجهورية هى من تقود البلاد في حال فراغ منصب الرئيس.
وتنص المادة 113 من الدستور الإيراني على إن الرئيس الإيراني هو أعلى مسؤول رسمي في البلاد بعد المرشد، ويحمل على عاتقه مسؤولية تنفيذ الدستور ورئاسة الجهاز التنفيذي باستثناء القضايا التي تعود للمرشد، وفي حال لم يتمكن الرئيس الإيراني من ممارسة صلاحياته لمدة شهرين لأي سبب من الأسباب، تتولي لجنة مؤقتة مهام الرئاسة الإيرانية.
وبموجب المادة 131، فإن لجنة ستتولى مهام الرئيس في حال وفاته أو غيابه أو المرض لمدة تزيد على شهرين، أو في حال انتهاء ولاية الرئيس، ولم يُنتخَب رئيس جديد.
وفي هذه الحالة سيترأس نائب الرئيس الإيراني محمد مخبر بموافقة المرشد الإيراني اللجنة التي تضم رئيس البرلمان ورئيس الجهاز القضائي. وسيكون نائب الرئيس ملزماً بتنظيم الانتخابات الرئاسية في غضون 50 يوماً، وسيتم تكليف نائب الرئيس بالوظائف المكلف بها الرئيس.
من هو محمد مخبر؟
ولد محمد مخبر عام 1955، في مدينة دزفول بإقليم خوزستان الذي توجد به أقلية عربية كبيرة، وحصل على درجتي دكتوراه، والماجستير في الحقوق الدولية؛ كما أنه حاصل على درجة الدكتوراه في الإدارة وحاصل أيضاً على درجة الماجستير في الإدارة.
يشغل محمد مخبر منصب النائب الأول للرئيس الإيراني منذ 8 أغسطس 2021، حيث تم تعيينه بناء على اختيار رئيسي له حيث كان قريباً جداً من الرئيس الإيراني خلال فترة رئاسته، وكان حاضراً بشكل ميداني لمتابعة العديد من المسائل الداخلية، وقام بزيارات للعديد من الدول وتوقيع اتفاقيات تعاون في مختلف المجالات خلال العامين الماضيين.
مخبر الذي يبلغ من العمر 68 عاما لا ينتمي لحزب سياسي وهو أحد أعضاء مجمع تشخيص مصلحة النظام .
شغل الرئيس الإيراني المؤقت محمد مخبر عدة مناصب داخل الدولة الإيرانية منها منصب نائب الرئيس التنفيذي والعضو المنتدب لشركة خوزستان للاتصالات والعضو المنتدب لشركة دزفول للاتصالات ونائب محافظ خوزستان.
كما تولى منصب معاون تسويقي لإدارة النقل في مؤسسة المستضعفين، ورئاسة هيئة إدارية لمصرف سينا الإيراني.
كما شغل مخبر منصب ضابط في الهيئة الطبية التابعة للحرس الثوري الإسلامي خلال الحرب العراقية الإيرانية.
في عام 2007، اختاره المرشد الأعلى آية الله علي خامنئي لرئاسة “لجنة تنفيذ أمر الإمام” أو “ستاد إمام وهي مؤسسة غير حكومية مختصة بالشؤون الخيرية.
استمر مخبر في رئاسة المؤسسة التي تأسست أواخر الثمانينات لإدارة الممتلكات المصادرة في أعقاب الثورة الإسلامية حتى تاريخ تعيينه نائبا للرئيس في 8 أغسطس 2021.
وخلال توليه رئاسة ستاد أنتجت مؤسسة بركات التابعة لها أول مشروع لقاح محلي لكوفيد-19 في إيران. وحصل اللقاح على موافقة طارئة من السلطات الصحية في يونيو.
ووفقاً لتحقيق أجرته “”رويترز” عام 2013، فإن قيمة ممتلكات المؤسسة تقدر بنحو 95 مليار دولار.
وفي أكتوبر 2022، تم إرسال مخبر إلى موسكو مع كبار مسؤولي الحرس الثوري الإيراني ومسؤول في المجلس الأعلى للأمن القومي لوضع اللمسات الأخيرة على اتفاق لإرسال طائرات “شاهد” بدون طيار وصواريخ أرض-أرض إلى روسيا لدعم الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا.
العقوبات الدولية على محمد مخبر
في يناير 2021 أثناء توليه رئاسة مؤسسة الإمام و قبل تعيينه نائبا للرئيس بعدة أشهر، أدرجت الولايات المتحدة محمد مخبر على قائمة العقوبات التي فرضتها إدارة ترمب في أيامها الأخيرة على مؤسسات تابعة لمكتب المرشد الإيراني.
كما سبق وأدرجه الاتحاد الأوروبي في يوليو 2010على قائمة العقوبات التي طالت مسؤولين على صلة بالبرنامجين الصاروخي والنووي، لكنه خرج من القائمة بعد عامين.
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