زيارة ماكرون للجزائر ..نحو إعادة ترتيب رقعة الشطرنج..بأي ثمن؟

بقلم: نزار الجليدي
من المنتظر أن يؤدّي الرئيس الفرنسي إيمانويل ماكرون زيارة رسمية إلى الجزائر تدوم ثلاثة أيام و تنطلق يوم 25 من الشهر الحالي.وهي زيارة و لئن جاءت بدعوة من الرئيس الجزائري عبد المجيد تبّون فان حاجة فرنسا لها تبدو ملحة في ظل المتغيرات الإقليمية المتسارعة.

خطان متوازيان لا يفترقان
من المؤكّد أن ما يجمع الجزائر و فرنسا أكثر بكثير مما يفرّقهما فالجالية الجزائرية في فرنسا تعدّ الأكبر و تقدّر بأكثر من 4مليون نسمة فضلا عن العدد الكبير من مزدوجي الجنسية و من الجيلين الثاني و الثالث من الجزائريين الفرنسيين .وهؤلاء يشكّلون ضغطا متزايدا لكي لا تحيد العلاقات الثنائية بين البلدين عن مسارها مثلما حدث خلال العام الماضي بدفع من لوبي فرنسي متطرف أضرّ بماكرون و حكومته وهو بزيارته هذه يسعى لإعادة الأمور الى نصابها و لكن برؤية جديدة و ندّية في التعامل يسعى الجزائريون لفرضها .و سيسعون الى انتزاع اعتراف ماكرون ب”الأمة الجزائرية” وهو الأمر الذي شكّك فيه سابقا و كان منطلقا لأزمة ديبلوماسية كبيرة بين البلدين كادت تؤدّي لقطع العلاقات لولا تدخل الحكماء من الدولتين.

حقيبة محملة بملفات ثقيلة
يحمل ماكرون في حقيبته خلال زيارته للجزائر أربع ملفات ثقيلة عليه أن يناقشها مع نظيره الجزائري بكل حذر و ذكاء لأن هاته الزيارة تختلف في توقيتها وظروفها عن كل زيارات الرؤساء السابقين للجزائر و تختلف جذريا حتى عن زيارة ماكرون نفسه لأن فرنسا اليوم في حاجة للجزائر كما لم تكن يوما كذلك و لأن الجزائر اليوم وفي ظل الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية و أزمة الطاقة العالمية تتحكم في خيوط اللعبة السياسية و في جزء كبير من سوق الطاقة فهي اذن في موقع قوّة يصعّب على ماكرون زيارته للمستعمرة القديمة و التي مفروض عليه قبل الدخول في تفاصيلها الاعتذار للشعب الجزائري إن لم يكن تصريحا فتلميحا و هذا الاعتذار هو الذي سيحدّد مدى فشل الزيارة من نجاحها.
ماكرون سيناقش خلال زيارته هذه ملفات تتباين في الأهمية منها ماهو حيوي لفرنسا مثل ملف الطّاقة .ومنها ماهو سياسي كملف اليهود الجزائريين ومنها ماهو ديبلوماسي المصالحة المغربية الجزائرية.ومنها ماهو استراتيجي كالملف التونسي.

عين فرنسا على طاقة الجزائر
في رحلة ماكرون في البحث عن الغاز البديل للغاز الروسي الذي لك يعد مضمونا سعى الرئيس الفرنسي الى تأمين أكبر قدر من الإمدادات لبلاده من هذه المادة الحيوية قبيل دخول فصل الشتاء حيث قام باتفاقيات شفوية و أخرى مكتوبة مع كل من الإمارات و السعودية و مصر في هذا المجال وهي دول كلها محسوبة على الحلف الأمريكي الفرنسي .لكن ذلك غير كاف لفرنسا و للدول الأوروبية التي يسعى ماكرون أن يكون سفيرها حيث ما حلّ .
و بالتالي يصبح اللجوء الى الجزائر و محاولة إبعادها عن المحور الروسي الصيني مطلبا ملحاّ . حيث أنّ ما يهم ماكرون خلال هاته الزيارة هو كيفية تعويض الخسارة ونقص الغاز الروسي في أوروبا وتعويضه بالغاز الجزائري.
كما سيحاول ماكرون إيجاد صيغة توفيقية وتوافقية بين الجزائر وإسبانيا بعنوان الطاقة فقط. فما يهم فرنسا والاتحاد الأوروبي تأمين مصدر الطاقة خاصة .
يهود الجزائر ..الورقة المخفية
يمثل موضوع اليهود من أصول جزائرية و من غير حاملي جواز السفر الجزائري من بين النقاط التي سيجري الحديث بشأنها بين ماكرون وتبون حيث أن الطلب الفرنسي هو السماح لهؤلاء بدخول الجزائر وزيارتها بحرية وتسهيل التأشيرة.
ووفق الكواليس فان الجزائر سوف توافق موافقة مشروطة تتمثل في تراجع فرنسا على قرارها بتقليص عدد التأشيرات الممنوحة للجزائريين الى النصف .
وهي خطوة اتخذت في فرنسا وسيعلن عنها قريبا و لا يخص الأمر الجزائريين فقط وإنما التونسيين و المغاربة حيث ستعاد الحصص القديمة من التأشيرات.

المصالحة الممنوعة
يرى عدد من المتابعين أن الرئيس الفرنسي إيمانويل ماكرون بحماسة الشباب فيه سيسعى لإعطاء إشارات قوية للوساطة الفرنسية بين الجزائر و المغرب من جهة و بين الجزائر والمغرب و أسبانيا من جهة أخرى فانه من الصعب أن يرتكب ماكرون هذه الخطأ  لانّه يدرك جيدا أن الجزائر تاريخيا رافضة لأي وساطات مع المغرب وتعتبر ذلك مسا من الأمن القومي وخدش للكرامة الوطنية والدليل فشل كل المبعوثين الأمميين لدى البوليساريو.
هذا فضلا أن فرنسا لا يهمها أي تقارب جزائري مغربي الا بما يخدم مصالحها في المنطقة وماكرون لن يتحرك في الصلح سوى في حدود الصحراء الكبرى وما يسمى دولة البوليساريو .

وحتى البيان المغربي الذي يحمل في باطنها تهديدا و سياسة من معنا فهو ضدنا في صراعها مع الجزائر لن يجبر ماكرون المجازفة بفتح هذا الملف في الجزائر فهو يدرك أن شجرة معاوية قطعت بين الجزائر و المغرب منذ اغتيال المغرب لعدد من الجزائريين في الصحراء العام الماضي وكذلك بتطبيع العلاقات رسميا بين إسرائيل والمغرب تكون العلاقة بين المغاربة و الجزائريين وصلت طريق اللاعودة.

تونس الجزائرية الفرنسية
تحظى تونس بمكانة هامة لدى كل من فرنسا و الجزائر و ستكون الأوضاع السياسية و الاقتصادية فيها على طاولة اجتماع ماكرون و تبّون رغم أنه ستكون على هامش الاجتماع لرغبة الرئيسين في عدم التدخل في شؤون تونس مقابل الرغبة الكبيرة في مساعدتها عبر آليات أخرى .فالرئيسان يدركان أهمية العمق الجغرافي لتونس و يدركان أهمية أن تكون مستقرة.
ومن الممكن أن يكون الملف التونسي ضمن النقطة الأخيرة من البيان الذي سيصدر عقب زيارة ماكرون للجزائر.وربما يفعلها ماكرون و يتحول إلى تونس في زيارة خاطفة بعد نهاية زيارته للجزائر.

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